{
 "business": "dairy farm",
 "url": "https://bizgame.app/dairy-farm-business/",
 "simulator": "https://bizgame.app/play/case/dairy",
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "setupCostByFormat": [
  {
   "format": "Cooperative pourer",
   "setupCostINR": 1150000,
   "suggestedBudgetINR": 1164000
  },
  {
   "format": "Doorstep milk rounds",
   "setupCostINR": 1300000,
   "suggestedBudgetINR": 1325000
  },
  {
   "format": "Milk parlour counter",
   "setupCostINR": 1750000,
   "suggestedBudgetINR": 1786500
  }
 ],
 "monthlyNetProfitINR": {
  "metro": [
   26000,
   41000
  ],
  "tier2": [
   21500,
   32500
  ],
  "smallTown": [
   4500,
   13000
  ]
 },
 "licences": [
  "FSSAI registration for milk sale",
  "local animal-keeping permission",
  "Kisan Credit Card for working capital"
 ],
 "risks": [
  "lumpy skin disease and FMD",
  "heat stress cutting yield",
  "fodder price spikes",
  "low cooperative prices"
 ],
 "factors": [
  {
   "id": "A01",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Price of a lactating Murrah buffalo",
   "value": "₹0.9-2.5 lakh per head (2026) (Higher in Haryana/Punjab; rises with yield, lactation number and pregnancy status)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.agrijob.in/murrah-buffalo-price-dairy-breed-nabard-loan-guide/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "A02",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Price of an HF/Jersey crossbred cow",
   "value": "₹60k-1.2 lakh per head (Rises with yield (10-20 L); higher in Punjab, Maharashtra and the South)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A03",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Price of an indigenous cow (Gir/Sahiwal)",
   "value": "₹50k-1.5 lakh+ (A2-milk premium pushes Gir prices up)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A04",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Animal transport cost",
   "value": "About 1-3% of animal cost (₹1,500-5,000 per head) (Distance from the cattle fair)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://en.vikaspedia.in/agriculture/livestock/model-bankable-projects/dairy-farming",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A05",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Shed floor space",
   "value": "About 40-50 sq ft per adult animal covered, plus 80-100 sq ft open area (Hot regions need more ventilation)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A06",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Shed construction cost",
   "value": "₹250-600 per sq ft (simple kaccha-pucca shed) (Higher in cities, lower for thatch)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A07",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Chaff cutter",
   "value": "Manual ₹8-15k; electric ₹25-60k",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://en.vikaspedia.in/agriculture/livestock/model-bankable-projects/dairy-farming",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A08",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Milking machine (optional)",
   "value": "₹30-80k (single/double bucket) (Pays off at 10 or more milking animals)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A09",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Bulk milk cooler / chest freezer for the counter",
   "value": "Small BMC ₹2-5 lakh (500 L); deep freezer ₹20-40k",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A10",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Cans, utensils, lactometer, fat tester",
   "value": "₹10-30k",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A11",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Retail counter fit-out (paneer/curd)",
   "value": "₹50k-2 lakh (counter, refrigerator, weighing scale, stove/vat) (Rent varies by town)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A12",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Working capital buffer",
   "value": "2-3 months of feed + labour (about ₹1-2 lakh for 10 animals)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B01",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Location type",
   "value": "Village / peri-urban / town edge",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Design choice",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B02",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Distance to the nearest DCS / milk collection centre",
   "value": "0.5-5 km (Gujarat and Maharashtra have dense networks; NE and hill states are sparse)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B03",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Distance to the urban household market",
   "value": "0-20 km",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B04",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Household density within the delivery radius",
   "value": "50-500 potential households within 2 km (Peri-urban is highest)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B05",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Delivery fuel cost",
   "value": "₹2-4 per litre delivered (two-wheeler, 30-60 km/day) (Petrol price)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B06",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "State procurement-price regime",
   "value": "Gujarat (Amul) and Karnataka (KMF with state incentive) pay well; others vary (State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B07",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Fodder land availability",
   "value": "0-2 acres owned or leased per 10 animals (Irrigated vs rain-fed)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B08",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Water availability",
   "value": "60-100 L per animal per day (drinking + cleaning) (Summer scarcity; groundwater depth)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B09",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Grid power reliability",
   "value": "4-20 h/day (Rural feeders)",
   "role": "HV/RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B10",
   "cat": "B Location & market access",
   "name": "Shop rent for the retail counter",
   "value": "₹3k-25k per month (Village vs city)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C01",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Direct (loose) milk retail price",
   "value": "₹50-65/L for cow/mixed; ₹60-80/L for buffalo (City > village; rises in summer)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/bhopal/mp-news-milk-prices-rise-by-24-per-litre-amid-increase-in-cattle-feed-cost",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C02",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Cooperative buffalo fat rate",
   "value": "₹875/kg fat (Amul, June 2026) (Varies by state union; revised 1-3 times a year)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.indiancooperative.com/co-op-news-snippets/amul-raises-milk-procurement-prices-from-june-1/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C03",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Cooperative cow fat rate",
   "value": "₹388.65/kg fat (Amul, June 2026) (State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Same",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C04",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "SNF component",
   "value": "Most unions pay on fat + SNF; standard 8.5% SNF for cow, 9% for buffalo; deductions below that (Falls with summer and water-adulteration)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C05",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Milk fat % (cow)",
   "value": "3.5-4.5% (crossbred), 4-5% (Gir/Sahiwal) (Higher in winter and late lactation; lower at peak)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C06",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Milk fat % (buffalo)",
   "value": "6-8% (Same)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://questions.collegedunia.com/exams/questions/the-approximate-yield-of-ghee-in-kg-from-100-kg-bu-68ce7786e81669e3388f50f2",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C07",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Direct vs cooperative split",
   "value": "0-100% of daily milk",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Design",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C08",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Paneer yield",
   "value": "190-230 g per L of buffalo milk; about 150-170 g per L of cow milk (Fat/SNF)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://niftem.ac.in/newsite/wp-content/themes/niftm/assets/pmfme/processing/paneerprocessing.pdf",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C09",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Paneer retail price",
   "value": "₹350-480/kg loose (Up 10-20% in wedding season)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Ghee yield",
   "value": "About 60-70 g per L of buffalo milk (Fat %)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://questions.collegedunia.com/exams/questions/the-approximate-yield-of-ghee-in-kg-from-100-kg-bu-68ce7786e81669e3388f50f2",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Desi ghee retail price",
   "value": "₹650-1,000/kg (farm-made); A2 Gir \"bilona\" ghee ₹1,500-3,000/kg (Premium/organic positioning)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C12",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Curd (dahi) yield and price",
   "value": "About 1 kg curd per L of milk; ₹70-120/kg loose (Summer demand up)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Buttermilk/lassi",
   "value": "Byproduct of ghee making; ₹10-20 per glass/pack (Summer demand doubles)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Packaging cost",
   "value": "₹1-3 per pouch/cup; paneer wrap ₹2-5",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Processing fuel (LPG)",
   "value": "About ₹1-2 per L processed (paneer/ghee boiling) (LPG price)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Milk shelf life (raw, unchilled)",
   "value": "3-4 h ambient; 24-48 h chilled at ≤4°C (Summer shortens it)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "A2 / organic premium",
   "value": "+₹20-40/L over regular milk (Urban affluent demand)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/country-delight/country-delight-milk-delivery/",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D01",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Concentrate feed price",
   "value": "₹21-28/kg (₹1,050-1,400 per 50 kg bag) (Rises with maize/oilcake prices; cooperative feed is cheaper for members)",
   "role": "PD/HV",
   "source": "https://dairybusinessmea.com/?p=2119915",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "D02",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Concentrate ration",
   "value": "About 1 kg per 2-2.5 L of milk + 1-1.5 kg maintenance per day (Breed and yield)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D03",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Green fodder quantity",
   "value": "20-35 kg per animal per day (Monsoon/winter plenty; summer scarce)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D04",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Green fodder price (purchased)",
   "value": "₹2-5/kg (napier, maize, berseem, jowar) (Summer price can double)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D05",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Own-grown green fodder cost",
   "value": "₹0.8-1.5/kg (Needs irrigated land)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D06",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Dry fodder (straw/kadbi) quantity",
   "value": "5-8 kg per animal per day",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D07",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Dry fodder price",
   "value": "₹400-1,700 per quintal (₹4-17/kg) (Spikes after a poor wheat crop, heatwave or straw-burning bans; cheapest just after harvest (Apr-May))",
   "role": "HV/RE",
   "source": "https://www.downtoearth.org.in/agriculture/why-is-north-india-suffering-from-a-fodder-crisis-82921",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "D08",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Mineral mixture",
   "value": "50-100 g per animal per day; about ₹80-150/kg",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D09",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Silage option",
   "value": "₹4-7/kg bought; own silage pit cheaper (Mainly Punjab, Maharashtra, Karnataka)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D10",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Feed wastage",
   "value": "10-25% without a chaff cutter or manger",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D11",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Fodder deficit index",
   "value": "Green 11-32%, dry 23%, concentrate 28-40% national deficit (Worse in Rajasthan, Gujarat and drought districts)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://sentinelassam.com/editorial/fodder-in-dairy-value-chain-632549",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "D12",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Water cost",
   "value": "₹0 (own borewell) to ₹1-2k/month (tanker in summer) (Summer, drought)",
   "role": "HV/RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D13",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Routine veterinary cost",
   "value": "₹1,500-3,000 per animal per year (deworming, minor treatment)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D14",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Artificial insemination cost",
   "value": "₹50-300 per AI at government/cooperative centres; sexed semen ₹250-1,000 subsidized (State)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D15",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "FMD and brucellosis vaccination",
   "value": "Free under NADCP (100% centrally funded); FMD twice a year",
   "role": "PD/HV",
   "source": "https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2026/aug/doc2026822967201.pdf",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "D16",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "LSD (goatpox) vaccine",
   "value": "Usually free or low-cost from the state vet department during campaigns (Campaign timing)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D17",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Bedding/cleaning supplies",
   "value": "₹100-300 per animal per month",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E01",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Breed",
   "value": "HF crossbred / Jersey crossbred / Murrah / Gir-Sahiwal / desi",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Design",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E02",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Yield, HF crossbred",
   "value": "10-15 L/day lactation average (peak 18-25) (Falls 10-40% in heat (L4))",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://pwonlyias.com/current-affairs/basic-animal-husbandry-statistics-2025/",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E03",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Yield, Jersey crossbred",
   "value": "7-10 L/day (More heat-tolerant)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E04",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Yield, Murrah buffalo",
   "value": "8-12 L/day (peak 14-16) (Better in winter)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://en.vikaspedia.in/agriculture/livestock/model-bankable-projects/dairy-farming",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "E05",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Yield, Gir/Sahiwal",
   "value": "6-10 L/day (Hardy; A2 premium)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E06",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Lactation curve",
   "value": "Peaks at 6-10 weeks after calving, then falls about 8-10% per month",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E07",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Lactation length",
   "value": "Cow about 280-305 days; buffalo about 270-305 days (Management)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E08",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Dry period",
   "value": "45-90 days (target 60)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E09",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Calving interval",
   "value": "Cow 13-16 months; buffalo 15-18 months (target 12-13) (Poor nutrition lengthens it)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E10",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Share of herd in milk",
   "value": "65-80% (Calving interval)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E11",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Heat detection / conception rate",
   "value": "AI conception 35-50% per service (Summer is lower; buffalo silent heat)",
   "role": "HV/RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E12",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Calf sex ratio",
   "value": "50:50; sexed semen about 90% female",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E13",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Heifer age at first calving",
   "value": "Crossbred 28-32 months; buffalo 36-42 months (Nutrition)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E14",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Milking frequency",
   "value": "2 times a day (morning 5-7 am, evening 5-7 pm)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E15",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Milking time",
   "value": "About 8-10 min per animal by hand; about 5-6 min by machine",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E16",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Home/calf consumption",
   "value": "0.5-2 L per day (calf feeding in the first 2-3 months + family use)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E17",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Chilling requirement",
   "value": "Cool to ≤4°C within 2-4 h; or pour at the DCS each session",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E18",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Spoilage/souring rate",
   "value": "0-5% of unsold milk per session; up to 10-20% unchilled in summer (Season, temperature)",
   "role": "HV/RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E19",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Herd capacity cap",
   "value": "Shed space and labour cap at about 20 animals in this game",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Design",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E20",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Productive life",
   "value": "4-6 lactations; culling at 10-12 years",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E21",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Manure output and value",
   "value": "About 10-15 kg dung per animal per day; ₹1-3/kg as manure, vermicompost or biogas",
   "role": "PD/HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E22",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Male calf / cull animal sale",
   "value": "Male calf ₹2-10k; cull cow/buffalo ₹15-40k (Cow-slaughter bans in many states make cull cows nearly worthless; buffalo culls sell)",
   "role": "PD/RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F01",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Labour need",
   "value": "About 1 FTE per 5-8 animals (hand milking); 1 per 10-12 with a machine",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F02",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Hired labour wage",
   "value": "₹10-18k/month (plus food/lodging sometimes) (Higher in Punjab, Kerala and peri-urban areas)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F03",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Family labour (unpaid)",
   "value": "1-3 members",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F04",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Delivery boy",
   "value": "₹6-10k/month part-time, or ₹1-2/L commission",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F05",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Paneer/counter staff",
   "value": "₹8-12k/month",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F06",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Worker absenteeism",
   "value": "2-4 days/month; spikes at festivals and harvest (Harvest season pulls labour to fields)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F07",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Skill / milking hygiene",
   "value": "Low / medium / high (Training)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F08",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Daily working hours",
   "value": "10-12 h spread across 4:30 am-8 pm",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G01",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Seasonal supply index",
   "value": "Flush +30-40% vs lean (Monsoon timing)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/economy-politics/story/why-milk-prices-are-increasing-in-india-250552-2020-02-21",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "G02",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Seasonal price index (direct)",
   "value": "Lean-season price ₹2-5/L above flush",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/bhopal/mp-news-milk-prices-rise-by-24-per-litre-amid-increase-in-cattle-feed-cost",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "G03",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Summer curd/lassi/buttermilk demand",
   "value": "+50-100% Apr-Jun (Hot states)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G04",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Diwali/Navratri/Dussehra (Oct-Nov)",
   "value": "Sweets, paneer and ghee demand +30-80% for 1-3 weeks (North and West India strongest)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G05",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Janmashtami (Aug-Sep)",
   "value": "Milk, curd and makhan demand spike for about 2 days (North/West)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G06",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Mahashivratri / Shravan Mondays",
   "value": "Milk offering demand at temples (North India)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G07",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Wedding season (Nov-Feb, Apr-May muhurats)",
   "value": "Bulk paneer/milk orders 20-200 kg/L per event (Muhurat calendar)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G08",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Ramadan/Eid",
   "value": "Higher evening milk, sevai and sweets demand in Muslim-majority localities (Lunar calendar)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G09",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Shraddh / Pitru Paksha",
   "value": "Some sweet demand dips in North India (Sep-Oct)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G10",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Monsoon",
   "value": "Green fodder plentiful (cost down); demand steady; disease risk up (Jun-Sep)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G11",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Exam/holiday migration",
   "value": "Urban households leave for vacations in May-June; subscriptions paused (Cities)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/country-delight/country-delight-milk-delivery/",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G12",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Price elasticity of household milk demand",
   "value": "Low: about -0.2 to -0.5 for staple milk; higher for paneer/ghee",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H01",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Household daily quantity",
   "value": "0.5-2 L per household per day (Family size; tea-heavy states)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://pwonlyias.com/current-affairs/basic-animal-husbandry-statistics-2025/",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H02",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Subscription model",
   "value": "Daily delivery, monthly bill",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/country-delight/country-delight-milk-delivery/",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H03",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Credit period",
   "value": "30 days, settled by the 5th-10th of the next month",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H04",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Bad-debt rate",
   "value": "1-5% of credit sales (Migrant/renter areas higher)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H05",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "UPI share of payments",
   "value": "60-90% in towns (Villages more cash)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H06",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Churn rate",
   "value": "2-6% of subscribers per month (Quality complaints; price hikes)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H07",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Trust/quality perception",
   "value": "0-100 score (Built by consistent fat/thickness; destroyed by an adulteration rumour)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H08",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Delivery time reliability",
   "value": "Expected before 7 am",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H09",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Word-of-mouth referral",
   "value": "1 new subscriber per 10-20 satisfied ones per month",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H10",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Preference for buffalo vs cow milk",
   "value": "North/West prefer buffalo (thick, chai); South/urban health-conscious prefer cow/A2 (Region)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H11",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Pause/vacation requests",
   "value": "2-5% of subscriber-days (Summer holidays, festivals (travel home))",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H12",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Walk-in counter footfall",
   "value": "30-200 customers/day (Town size; morning/evening peaks)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H13",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Bulk/institutional buyers",
   "value": "Tea stalls, sweet shops, hostels: 10-50 L/day each at ₹3-8 below retail",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I01",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Packet milk benchmark price",
   "value": "Toned ₹54-60, full cream ₹68-72, buffalo ₹80/L (Revised about once a year)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.angelone.in/news/economy/amul-and-mother-dairy-increase-milk-prices-by-2-per-litre-effective-may-14-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I02",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Cooperative price revision event",
   "value": "1-3 revisions/year, ±₹10-30/kg fat (Flush revisions sometimes cut)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://www.indiancooperative.com/co-op-news-snippets/amul-raises-milk-procurement-prices-from-june-1/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I03",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Private dairy procurement price",
   "value": "±₹1-3/L vs the cooperative; pay competitively in lean, drop in flush (State)",
   "role": "PD/HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I04",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "D2C app presence",
   "value": "Present in metros and tier-1/2 cities (Cities)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/country-delight/country-delight-milk-delivery/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I05",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "App promotional discounts",
   "value": "Up to 40% off trial plans (Periodic)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/country-delight/country-delight-milk-delivery/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I06",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Local gwala competitors",
   "value": "2-10 within a delivery radius",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I07",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Competitor adulteration scandal",
   "value": "Occasional",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I08",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Sweet-shop / halwai paneer competition",
   "value": "₹320-450/kg",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I09",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Cooperative bonus / dividend",
   "value": "Annual price-difference bonus or dividend to members (Union performance (e.g., Gujarat unions pay year-end price difference))",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I10",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Cooperative member benefits",
   "value": "Subsidised feed, AI, vet visits, insurance through the union",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I11",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Producer share of the consumer rupee",
   "value": "75-80% (Amul/Mother Dairy claim)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.angelone.in/news/economy/amul-and-mother-dairy-increase-milk-prices-by-2-per-litre-effective-may-14-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J01",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "FSSAI registration",
   "value": "Basic: ₹100/yr up to 500 L/day and ₹12 lakh turnover",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://mail.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Eligibility_Kind_Business_04_05_2020.pdf",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J02",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Turnover threshold to State Licence",
   "value": "₹12 lakh/yr",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Same",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J03",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Food safety inspection",
   "value": "0-2 visits/yr; sampling more frequent before festivals (Festival drives against adulterated mawa/paneer)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J04",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Adulteration penalty",
   "value": "Fines from a few thousand to lakhs; prosecution for unsafe food (FSS Act)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J05",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Cooperative quality testing",
   "value": "Fat/SNF tested at every pour; rejection of sour or adulterated milk; antibiotic residue checks in some unions",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J06",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Municipal cattle-keeping rules",
   "value": "Many cities ban or license dairies within limits; fines for stray cattle (Urban)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J07",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Pollution / dung disposal norms",
   "value": "State Pollution Control Board guidance for dairies (small farms mostly exempt)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J08",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Bovine slaughter/transport laws",
   "value": "Most states ban cow slaughter; transport needs papers (State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J09",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Animal ear tagging (INAPH/Bharat Pashudhan)",
   "value": "Mandatory for vaccination/insurance/schemes",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J10",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "GST",
   "value": "Fresh milk, curd and paneer (unbranded/loose) are mostly exempt or low-rated; ghee is taxed",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K01",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Reputation score",
   "value": "0-100; builds about +1-3 per good week, falls 10-30 on an incident",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K02",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Free trial / sampling",
   "value": "2-7 days free, about 0.5 L per prospect",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K03",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "WhatsApp ordering/group",
   "value": "₹0",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K04",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Pamphlets / society notice board",
   "value": "₹1-3k per drive",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K05",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Farm visit / open milking",
   "value": "₹0",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K06",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Glass bottle vs pouch",
   "value": "Bottle deposit ₹20-50; premium perception",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K07",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Online listing (Google Maps / JustDial)",
   "value": "Free to ₹5k/yr",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K08",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Fat-test transparency (lactometer at door)",
   "value": "₹500 instrument",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K09",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Negative-review / rumour event",
   "value": "Occasional",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L01",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Lumpy skin disease outbreak",
   "value": "Herd infection 10-30% in an outbreak year; mortality among infected about 1-5% (cattle; buffalo rarely) (Monsoon (vector season, Jul-Oct); 2022 and 2026 waves)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpy_skin_disease_outbreak_in_India",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L02",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "FMD outbreak",
   "value": "Low probability if vaccinated (40 outbreaks nationally in 2025) (Unvaccinated herds at much higher risk)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2026/aug/doc2026822967201.pdf",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L03",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Mastitis (clinical)",
   "value": "Affects 5-15% of cows per year; subclinical more common (Poor hygiene, high yielders)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L04",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Heat stress yield loss",
   "value": "10-40% for high-yielding crossbreds at THI > 80; low yielders minimal (Apr-Jun in North/Central India; humid coasts)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://doaj.org/article/18582a743cbf42008de9c5ad483c1efd",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L05",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Cooling investment (fans/foggers)",
   "value": "₹2-5k per animal",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L06",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Heatwave event",
   "value": "1-3 waves/summer (45°C+) (Climate trend)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L07",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Dry fodder price spike",
   "value": "×2-3 over the normal price (Poor wheat harvest, heat, state straw-export bans)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://www.downtoearth.org.in/agriculture/why-is-north-india-suffering-from-a-fodder-crisis-82921",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L08",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Drought / monsoon failure",
   "value": "Green fodder unavailable; water tankers (Rajasthan, Marathwada, Bundelkhand)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L09",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Flood / cyclone",
   "value": "Shed damage, animal loss (Assam, Bihar, coastal)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L10",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Sudden animal death",
   "value": "About 2-5% annual adult mortality (Disease, accident, snakebite, toxic fodder)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L11",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Reproductive failure / repeat breeder",
   "value": "10-20% of animals per year (Nutrition, heat)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L12",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Haemorrhagic septicaemia / Black Quarter",
   "value": "Pre-monsoon vaccination recommended (Monsoon)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L13",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Milk rejection at the DCS",
   "value": "0.5-2% of pours (sour/low SNF) (Summer)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L14",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Theft of animals",
   "value": "Rare, 0.1-0.5%/yr",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L15",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Cooperative payment delay",
   "value": "Usually paid every 10 days; delays in some weak state unions (State)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L16",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Feed toxicity (aflatoxin, nitrate, urea)",
   "value": "Rare (Mouldy monsoon feed)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L17",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Wildlife reach of LSD / new strains",
   "value": "Claims of spread to 13 species in 2026 (unconfirmed)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://eng.ruralvoice.in/lumpy-skin-disease-returns-after-four-years-28-states-and-uts-on-alert-wildlife-also-reportedly-affected",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M01",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Bank term loan interest",
   "value": "About 9-12% p.a. (Bank, credit score)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://en.vikaspedia.in/agriculture/livestock/model-bankable-projects/dairy-farming",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M02",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Loan tenure",
   "value": "5-7 years, with 3-6 month grace",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Same",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M03",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Margin money",
   "value": "10-25% of project cost (Borrower category)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Same",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M04",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "KCC animal husbandry working-capital limit",
   "value": "Up to ₹2 lakh (allied) within ₹3 lakh",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13270",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M05",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "KCC effective interest",
   "value": "7% nominal; 4% if repaid within 1 year (FY renewal uncertainty)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Same",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M06",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "KCC collateral-free limit",
   "value": "₹2 lakh (₹3 lakh with milk-union tie-up)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.newsonair.gov.in/union-minister-ram-nath-thakur-informs-parliament-that-over-one-lakh-farmers-in-kangra-district-are-availing-loans-through-kcc-scheme",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M07",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Livestock insurance premium",
   "value": "About 2-4% of animal value per year (total); farmer share after subsidy about 15-50% of that (State scheme)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.tractorforeveryone.com/knowledge-center/top-benefits-of-subsidized-livestock-insurance-for-rural-credit",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M08",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Insurance claim payout",
   "value": "Up to the sum insured (market value) on death; needs ear tag + vet post-mortem; settlement 1-3 months",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M09",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Insurable cap per farmer (subsidised)",
   "value": "5-10 cattle units (Scheme version)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://ahd.py.gov.in/sites/default/files/NATIONAL-LIVESTOCK-MISSION-RISK-MANAGEMENT.pdf",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M10",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "DEDS capital subsidy",
   "value": "Discontinued since 1 Apr 2020 (was 25% / 33.33% back-ended)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/1931711/1/AU2149.pdf",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M11",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "State dairy subsidy schemes",
   "value": "Some states run their own (e.g., subsidised milch animal purchase for SC/ST/women, Gopal/Kamdhenu-type schemes) at 25-75% (State-specific)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M12",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "State per-litre milk incentive",
   "value": "Some states pay a per-litre bonus to cooperative pourers (e.g., Karnataka, Rajasthan, Maharashtra) of about ₹2-7/L (State; budget announcements)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M13",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Moneylender / informal credit",
   "value": "24-60% p.a. (Fallback when the bank refuses)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M14",
   "cat": "M Financing & subsidies",
   "name": "Cooperative advance on milk bills",
   "value": "Feed on credit against future pours",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N01",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Feed cost per milking animal per day",
   "value": "₹180-260 (crossbred, 10-12 L); ₹200-280 (Murrah) (Season, fodder spikes)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N02",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Feed cost per dry animal / heifer per day",
   "value": "₹80-130",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N03",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Cost of production per litre",
   "value": "Crossbred ₹35-45/L; buffalo ₹45-55/L; indigenous ₹35-40/L (Feed prices, yield)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/download/171954/65019/516694",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N04",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Revenue per litre, cooperative",
   "value": "Cow ₹36-40; buffalo ₹52-60 (Fat %, state incentives)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.indiancooperative.com/co-op-news-snippets/amul-raises-milk-procurement-prices-from-june-1/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N05",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Revenue per litre, direct",
   "value": "₹55-80 less ₹2-4 delivery cost",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "C1, B5",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N06",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Profit per milking animal per month (cooperative only)",
   "value": "About ₹0-4k (cows can be negative in feed spikes)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N07",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Profit per milking animal per month (direct)",
   "value": "About ₹4-10k",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N08",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Annual net profit per animal (herd average)",
   "value": "₹15-60k (Channel mix)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://taxguru.in/?p=51680",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N09",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Break-even herd size for one hired worker",
   "value": "About 6-8 milking animals selling direct; 12+ selling to the cooperative only",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N10",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Payback period on a 10-animal investment",
   "value": "About 4-7 years (Direct-sale share)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://en.vikaspedia.in/agriculture/livestock/model-bankable-projects/dairy-farming",
   "estimate": true
  }
 ],
 "note": "Researched estimates as of late 2026 from public sources; rows with estimate=true have no direct source. For learning, not financial advice."
}