{
 "business": "tuition centre",
 "url": "https://bizgame.app/tuition-centre-business/",
 "simulator": "https://bizgame.app/play/case/tuition",
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "setupCostByFormat": [
  {
   "format": "Home tuition",
   "setupCostINR": 35000,
   "suggestedBudgetINR": 41500
  },
  {
   "format": "Rented tuition room",
   "setupCostINR": 125000,
   "suggestedBudgetINR": 140000
  },
  {
   "format": "Multi-room centre",
   "setupCostINR": 300000,
   "suggestedBudgetINR": 320500
  },
  {
   "format": "Multi-batch institute",
   "setupCostINR": 1200000,
   "suggestedBudgetINR": 1254000
  }
 ],
 "monthlyNetProfitINR": {
  "metro": [
   0,
   86500
  ],
  "tier2": [
   17500,
   60500
  ],
  "smallTown": [
   8500,
   32500
  ]
 },
 "licences": [
  "Shops & Establishments registration",
  "state coaching-centre registration once you pass 25–100 students",
  "fire NOC and building-use approval (no basements)",
  "GST registration above ₹20 lakh a year (18% on coaching)",
  "written fee receipts and a pro-rata refund policy"
 ],
 "risks": [
  "a teacher leaving with your students",
  "safety drives sealing basement centres",
  "board students leaving after March exams",
  "a national chain opening nearby"
 ],
 "factors": [
  {
   "id": "A01",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Home tuition setup cost",
   "value": "Under ₹20,000 to test demand. ₹50k–2 lakh for home or a single room (varies: Furniture and AC choice)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "IIFL; OKC-2026 (https://www.iifl.com/blogs/gold-loan/how-to-start-tuition-centre-business-in-india-step-by-step-guide)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "A02",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Small rented centre setup (smaller city)",
   "value": "₹1.5–5 lakh (varies: Tier, deposit months)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "A03",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Small centre itemised total (IIFL)",
   "value": "₹50,000–1,50,000. Rent is the largest variable (varies: City)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.iifl.com/blogs/gold-loan/how-to-start-tuition-centre-business-in-india-step-by-step-guide",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "A04",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Multi-batch institute setup",
   "value": "₹6–25 lakh (varies: Tier, number of rooms, smart boards, AC)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "A05",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Generic coaching-institute capex range quoted by lenders",
   "value": "₹50k to ₹10 lakh+ (Bajaj). ₹3–5 lakh (other guides) (varies: Location, faculty, materials)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Bajaj Finserv; RegisterKaro (https://www.bajajfinserv.in/coaching-institute-business, https://www.registerkaro.in/post/how-to-start-a-coaching-institute-india)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "A06",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Security deposit on a commercial lease",
   "value": "Est. 3–6 months' rent (₹30k–3 lakh). OKC calls it \"the largest single cheque\" but gives no figure (varies: T1 higher (up to 6–10 months in Bengaluru/Mumbai))",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026 (qualitative); Est. from common Indian commercial lease practice",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A07",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Benches/desks + chairs",
   "value": "Est. ₹1,500–4,000 per seat. ₹30k–1.2 lakh for 20–30 seats (varies: Plastic chairs vs writing-pad chairs vs benches)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (retail prices of writing-pad chairs ₹1.5–3k)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A08",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Whiteboard / green board",
   "value": "Est. ₹2,000–8,000 per room (varies: Size)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A09",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Smart board / projector (optional)",
   "value": "Est. ₹40k–1.5 lakh per room (varies: Brand)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A10",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "AC / coolers / fans",
   "value": "Est. ₹35–45k per 1.5-ton AC. Fans ₹2–3k each (varies: AC needed in T1 and north-India summers)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A11",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "CCTV, first aid, fire extinguishers, drinking water (now mandated)",
   "value": "Est. ₹15k–40k (varies: Compliance level)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "MoE-2024 lists CCTV, first aid, drinking water, toilets; cost Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A12",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Signboard, flex, pamphlet launch",
   "value": "Est. ₹10k–40k (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "A13",
   "cat": "A Setup & capital",
   "name": "Initial working capital (2–3 months of fixed costs)",
   "value": "Est. ₹50k–2.5 lakh (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (OKC worked example of ₹80k/month fixed costs)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B01",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Monthly rent, small centre",
   "value": "₹25,000/month in the OKC worked example (varies: T1 ₹40–80k for 600–1,000 sq ft. T2 ₹12–25k. T3 ₹5–10k (Est.))",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026; tier split Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B02",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Minimum floor space",
   "value": "≥1 sq m per student per batch (varies: Applies where state law adopts MoE norms)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "B03",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Proximity to schools (within 1–2 km)",
   "value": "Est. +20–40% enquiry rate vs a remote site (varies: Urban density)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (catchment logic: students commute after school)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B04",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Residential catchment density",
   "value": "Est. 70–90% of students live within 3 km (varies: T3 catchment is smaller and more walkable)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B05",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Coaching-hub location (Kota, Old Rajinder Nagar, Mukherjee Nagar, Ameerpet, Patna's Boring Road)",
   "value": "High rents, intense competition (varies: Exam-coaching variant only)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/basement-deaths-mcd-seals-13-illegal-coaching-centres-in-old-rajinder-nagar",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "B06",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Basement / non-conforming premises",
   "value": "MCD sealed 13 (later about 20) basement coaching centres after 3 deaths in July 2024. Indore and others followed (varies: Enforcement spikes after incidents)",
   "role": "PD/RE",
   "source": "Outlook Business; Deccan Herald (Indore) (https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/basement-deaths-mcd-seals-13-illegal-coaching-centres-in-old-rajinder-nagar, https://www.deccanherald.com/india/madhya-pradesh/coaching-institutes-operating-illegally-from-basements-in-indore-will-be-closed-collector-3130366)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "B07",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Building-use mismatch (NOC lists the space as storage/parking)",
   "value": "Rau's IAS basement NOC said store room but was used as a library (varies: Every city)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/delhi-coaching-centre-where-3-died-falsely-showed-basement-as-store-room-in-documents-644189/amp",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "B08",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Ground/first floor vs upper floor",
   "value": "Est. upper floors 20–30% cheaper rent. Ground floor gives visibility (varies: Lift availability)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B09",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Parking / drop-off space for parents",
   "value": "Est. qualitative (varies: T1 congestion)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "B10",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Area affluence (fee-paying capacity)",
   "value": "Urban coaching spend ₹3,988 vs rural ₹1,793 per student per year (varies: Urban vs rural)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "CMS-E 2025",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "B11",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "State-level tuition culture",
   "value": "Over 50% of students in Bihar and Odisha and 78.6% in Tripura take coaching. Single digits in Telangana, Rajasthan, Karnataka (varies: Region)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "C4S summary of CMS-E 2025 (secondary source; check against NSS Report 595) (https://c4scourses.in/national-affairs/comprehensive-modular-survey-education-cmse-2025-by-nso/)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "B12",
   "cat": "B Location & footfall",
   "name": "Online substitution in the catchment",
   "value": "Online tuition priced at ~₹1,000/subject/month (varies: Higher in T1 and among older students)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://edustutor.com/in",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C01",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Monthly fee range per student (generic)",
   "value": "₹1,500–6,000 per student per month (varies: Tier, class, subjects)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.bajajfinserv.in/coaching-institute-business",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C02",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Lender example fee tiers",
   "value": "₹1,500–3,000 per student per month. A 10–15 student centre makes ₹15k–45k/month (varies: Small towns)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.shriramfinance.in/articles/business-loan/2026/business-ideas-under-five-lakh-in-india",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C03",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Per-subject online benchmark (Classes 6–10)",
   "value": "₹1,000/subject/month. 3-subject bundle ₹2,500. ₹2,000 one-time admission fee (varies: Online, CBSE)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://edustutor.com/in",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C04",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Edtech annual package (Class 10)",
   "value": "Vedantu PRO LITE ₹30,000/year (~₹2,500/month) (varies: Brand)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://vedantu.com/online-course/class-10-online-courses",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C05",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Fee by class, Classes 1–5 (all subjects)",
   "value": "Est. T1 ₹1,500–3,000. T2 ₹700–1,500. T3 ₹300–800 per month (varies: Tier, board)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (scaled from CMS-E level gradient: pre-primary ₹525 to higher secondary ₹6,384 per year national averages)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C06",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Fee by class, Classes 6–8",
   "value": "Est. T1 ₹2,000–4,000. T2 ₹1,000–2,000. T3 ₹500–1,000 per month (all or core subjects) (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (as above)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C07",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Fee by class, Classes 9–10 (board year premium)",
   "value": "Est. per subject T1 ₹1,500–3,000. T2 ₹800–1,500. T3 ₹400–900 per month. Maths + Science bundle about 1.7× one subject (varies: Board year (Class 10) +15–25%)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. Cross-check: EDUS ₹1,000/subject online; Edmingle Class 10 Maths+Science full session ₹3,000–3,500 (Tamil Nadu, online, low-price) Edmingle (https://alphawaves.edmingle.com/course/TUITIONClass10stdMathsScienceJuly2025toFeb2026Engl-91756)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C08",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Fee by class, Classes 11–12 (science PCM/PCB per subject)",
   "value": "Est. T1 ₹2,500–5,000. T2 ₹1,200–2,500. T3 ₹700–1,500 per subject per month (varies: Stream (Science > Commerce > Arts))",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. Urban higher-secondary coaching spend ₹9,950/year average (OKC-2026 citing CMS-E) is an all-students average and understates fees for students who enrol",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C09",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Board premium (ICSE/IGCSE/IB vs state board)",
   "value": "Est. ICSE +20–40%, IB/IGCSE +100%+ vs CBSE. State board −10–30% (varies: Board)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (IGCSE vendor data Tutopiya is a vendor source, so low confidence) (https://www.tutopiya.com/tools/blog/india-igcse-tuition-rates-2026)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Home tuition hourly rate, Delhi NCR",
   "value": "Median asking ₹500/hr. Middle half ₹350–600. 37.6% ask exactly ₹500. At-home median ₹500 (p75 ₹600). Online p25 ₹300 (varies: Experience: 6–10 yrs median ₹600, p75 ₹800)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "EZ-2026 (asking rates, not paid rates)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Home tuition, Noida",
   "value": "75% of 141 profiles ask ≤₹500/hr (varies: NCR suburbs)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.readkong.com/page/noida-home-tuition-fees-what-141-tutor-asking-4343901",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C12",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Private maths tutoring range",
   "value": "₹400–1,500/hr (varies: Experience, premium brands)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Bhanzu (vendor source) (https://bhanzu.com/parents/private-math-tutor-rates)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Competitive coaching (JEE/NEET) annual fee, offline chain",
   "value": "PW Vidyapeeth: about ₹80k (Class 12, 1 year) and about ₹1.66 lakh (Class 11, 2-year program), unverified. ₹5,000 registration fee (official) (varies: City)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "[Scribd doc via search, unverified]; PW NEET fee page (https://www.pw.live/vp-blogs/exams/neet-offline-coaching-fees-and-discounts)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Top-tier hub coaching fees (older)",
   "value": "≥₹1 lakh tuition per year (varies: Kota, Delhi)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Business Insider India (article date unclear, likely 2015) (https://www.businessinsider.in/IIT-coaches-are-raking-in-higher-salaries-than-CEOs-in-India/articleshow/47812851.cms)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Admission / registration fee",
   "value": "₹2,000 (EDUS). ₹5,000 (PW). Est. ₹500–2,000 for local centres (varies: Brand)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "EDUS; PW (https://edustutor.com/in, https://www.pw.live/vp-blogs/exams/neet-offline-coaching-fees-and-discounts)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Fee instalment structure",
   "value": "Rajasthan Act requires at least 4 equal instalments. MoE says no fee increase mid-course (varies: State)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026; MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Early-bird / sibling / topper discounts",
   "value": "Est. 10–25% off. PW ran a \"Vishwas Diwas\" ₹999 seat booking with up to 40% off (varies: Admissions season)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://www.pw.live/vp-blogs/exams/pw-vidyapeeth-vishwas-diwas-offer-2026",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C18",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Crash course / exam-revision batch (Jan–Mar)",
   "value": "Est. ₹1,500–6,000 per subject for 6–8 weeks (varies: Board exam timing)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C19",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Price sensitivity (elasticity)",
   "value": "Est. −0.8 to −1.5. T3 more elastic. Results-heavy centres less elastic (varies: Tier, reputation)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (low household spend averages in CMS-E indicate tight budgets)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C20",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "GST effect on effective price",
   "value": "18% on coaching once turnover is above ₹20 lakh (varies: Turnover)",
   "role": "PD/HV",
   "source": "https://news.cleartax.in/tax-talks-does-gst-apply-to-education-and-allied-services/9008/amp",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "C21",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Gross margin (fee minus teacher cost)",
   "value": "Est. 50–75% if hired teachers. ~90%+ if owner-taught (varies: Owner involvement)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "C22",
   "cat": "C Products & pricing",
   "name": "Product mix: group batch vs 1:1 vs small group (≤6)",
   "value": "Est. group fee per student about 30–50% of a 1:1 hourly-equivalent (varies: Format)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (from C10 and C05–C08)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D01",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Study material / photocopied notes",
   "value": "Est. ₹50–300 per student per month (₹0.5–1 per page photocopy) (varies: Classes 11–12 and exam coaching use more)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D02",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Reference books / guides (charged or included)",
   "value": "Est. ₹300–1,500 per student per year (varies: Board)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D03",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Weekly test papers / OMR sheets",
   "value": "Est. ₹20–60 per test (varies: Exam variant)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.; MoE-2024 encourages mock tests",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D04",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Stationery: markers, dusters, chalk",
   "value": "Est. ₹500–1,500/month per room (varies: Usage)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D05",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Electricity",
   "value": "Est. ₹2,000–10,000/month. AC centres at the high end (varies: Summer +40–60%)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (commercial tariff ~₹8–12/kWh)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D06",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Internet + software (fee app, WhatsApp Business, LMS)",
   "value": "Est. ₹1,000–3,000/month (varies: Tech adoption)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D07",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "Rented content / licensed test series",
   "value": "Est. ₹100–500 per student per year (varies: Exam variant)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "D08",
   "cat": "D Inputs & supply chain",
   "name": "\"Shelf life\" of content",
   "value": "Syllabus revisions (e.g. NCERT rationalisation) can make notes obsolete (varies: Policy changes)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E01",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Operating window",
   "value": "Afternoon and evening after school, e.g. 3–8 pm on weekdays, plus mornings on weekends/holidays. MoE: no classes in school hours, no very early/late classes, ≤5 hrs/day per student (varies: State adoption)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "E02",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Batch length",
   "value": "Est. 1–1.5 hrs per session (varies: Class)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E03",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Sessions per week per batch",
   "value": "Est. 3–6 (one subject 3×/week; all-subject daily) (varies: Class)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E04",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Batch size, school tuition",
   "value": "Est. 8–15 (T3 home), 15–30 (centre). Large institutes 40–100+. MoE sets no maximum, only ≥1 sq m/student and no batching by performance (varies: Room size)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "MoE-2024 (no cap); sizes Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E05",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Batch size, home 1:1 / small group",
   "value": "1–6 (varies: Format)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E06",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Rooms × slots capacity",
   "value": "e.g. 2 rooms × 4 slots × 25 = 200 student-slots/day (varies: Rooms)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (arithmetic)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E07",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Weekly off mandated",
   "value": "Weekly off for students and teachers. Festival leave (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "E08",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Attendance rate",
   "value": "Est. 75–90% of enrolled on a given day. Lower in festival weeks (varies: Season)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E09",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Holidays / closure weeks",
   "value": "Est. 3–5 weeks/year (Diwali week, Holi, end of March) (varies: Region)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E10",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Hybrid / recorded classes",
   "value": "Est. 10–30% of small centres offer online backup since COVID (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E11",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Admin load: fee tracking, attendance, parent updates",
   "value": "Est. 1–2 hrs/day owner time or a ₹8–15k/month receptionist (varies: Size)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "E12",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Counselling system (mandated by MoE model)",
   "value": "Psychologist / counsellor, workshops (varies: State law)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "E13",
   "cat": "E Operations & capacity",
   "name": "Grievance mechanism",
   "value": "Complaint box, grievance committee (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "F01",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Teacher pay models",
   "value": "Fixed salary, per-hour, revenue share (varies: Size)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "F02",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Fixed salary, subject teacher (small centre)",
   "value": "₹40,000/month (worked example). Est. T2 ₹15–30k, T3 ₹8–15k (varies: Tier, subject (Maths/Science pay more))",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026; tier split Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F03",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Per-hour / per-lecture pay",
   "value": "Est. ₹250–800/hr school tuition. ₹1,000–3,000/hr for experienced JEE/NEET faculty (varies: Tier, subject)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (anchored to home-tutor ₹350–600/hr asking rates, EZ-2026)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F04",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Revenue share per batch",
   "value": "Est. 40–60% of batch fees to the teacher (varies: Teacher's pull, whether the teacher brings students)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. No source found",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F05",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Coaching chain lecturer salary",
   "value": "FIITJEE avg ₹9.6 lakh/yr. ALLEN ₹8.2 lakh/yr. Lecturer average ₹6.6 LPA (varies: Chain)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Collegedunia (aggregator) (https://collegedunia.com/courses/phd-computer-science/salary-of-a-lecturer)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "F06",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Star faculty pay",
   "value": "₹1 crore+. 15–20 people in Kota alone earned ₹1 crore+ (older report) (varies: Exam coaching)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Business Insider India (dated, ~2015) (https://www.businessinsider.in/IIT-coaches-are-raking-in-higher-salaries-than-CEOs-in-India/articleshow/47812851.cms)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "F07",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Minimum tutor qualification",
   "value": "Graduate. No criminal record (MoE). Graduate (Rajasthan Act) (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024; GKToday (https://www.gktoday.in/rajasthan-coaching-centres-control-and-regulation-bill-2025/)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "F08",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Receptionist / admin staff",
   "value": "Est. ₹8,000–18,000/month (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F09",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Peon / cleaner / helper",
   "value": "Est. ₹5,000–12,000/month (part-time common) (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F10",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Teacher attrition",
   "value": "Est. 20–40%/year at small centres. Peaks April–June when new sessions start (varies: Pay competitiveness)",
   "role": "HV/RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F11",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Teacher defection with students",
   "value": "Est. a departing popular teacher can take 10–30% of their batch (varies: Teacher popularity)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F12",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Owner-as-teacher",
   "value": "Most small centres are owner-taught. Saves 30–50% of revenue (varies: Format)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F13",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Part-time college student / B.Ed tutors",
   "value": "Est. ₹150–300/hr for primary classes (varies: T2/T3)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F14",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Teacher quality → results",
   "value": "Hidden skill score that drives results and word of mouth",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (model design)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "F15",
   "cat": "F Labour",
   "name": "Teacher weekly off / festival leave mandated",
   "value": "Weekly off (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "G01",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Coaching participation rate",
   "value": "27.0% of school students (urban 30.7%, rural 25.5%) (varies: Urban/rural, state)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "CMS-E 2025",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "G02",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Average household coaching spend per student per year",
   "value": "Urban ₹3,988. Rural ₹1,793. Pre-primary ₹525 rising to ₹6,384 at higher secondary (national averages across all students) (varies: Level, urban/rural)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "CMS-E 2025",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "G03",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Spend per student who takes coaching",
   "value": "₹8,973/year in one analysis (about 40.7% of household school-education spend) (varies: Denominator differences)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Arun C Mehta analysis of CMS-E (secondary; denominators differ across sources) (https://educationforallinindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Is-school-education-in-India-truly-free-analysis-by-ArunCMehta-based-on-NSSO-CMSE-2025.pdf)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "G04",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Admissions season (new academic year)",
   "value": "Peak April–June (CBSE session starts in April). Est. 40–60% of yearly new enrolments (varies: Board (some state boards start in June))",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (academic calendar)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G05",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Second intake after results",
   "value": "Est. May–July after Class 10/12 results. Class 11 streams form (varies: Board result dates)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G06",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Board-exam prep peak",
   "value": "Est. Nov–Feb enquiries and crash courses up 20–40% (varies: Class 10/12)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G07",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Post-exam dropout (March)",
   "value": "Est. 60–90% of Class 10/12 students leave after board exams (varies: Board dates (Feb–Mar))",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G08",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Summer break (May–June)",
   "value": "Est. attendance −20–40% for Classes 1–8 (travel to hometowns). Summer camps/bridge courses offset (varies: North vs south India timings)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G09",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Half-yearly / unit exams at school",
   "value": "Est. Sept–Oct and Dec demand lift for revision (varies: School calendar)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G10",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Festival weeks (Diwali, Durga Puja, Pongal, Onam, Eid)",
   "value": "Est. attendance −30–60% for 1–2 weeks (varies: Region)",
   "role": "HV/RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G11",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Monsoon (heavy rain days)",
   "value": "Est. attendance −20–50% on heavy-rain days. Flooding can close the centre (varies: Mumbai, Chennai, Assam)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G12",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Heatwave (Apr–Jun, north India)",
   "value": "Est. attendance −10–20% in non-AC centres (varies: AC presence)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G13",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Day of week",
   "value": "Weekday after-school slots dominate. Sunday tests or extra classes in exam season",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G14",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Time of day",
   "value": "Est. 4–7 pm is peak demand. Mornings 6–8 am for Classes 11–12 (MoE discourages very early classes) (varies: Class)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.; MoE-2024",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G15",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Competitive-exam calendar (JEE Jan/Apr, NEET May)",
   "value": "Exam variant: dropper batches start in June (varies: Exam variant)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G16",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "School quality in catchment",
   "value": "Est. weaker or government schools in the area mean more tuition demand (varies: Region)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.; consistent with high coaching rates in Bihar/Odisha/Tripura (C4S) (https://c4scourses.in/national-affairs/comprehensive-modular-survey-education-cmse-2025-by-nso/)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "G17",
   "cat": "G Demand drivers",
   "name": "Board result announcements (May)",
   "value": "Toppers' results drive enquiries for 4–8 weeks (varies: Results)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H01",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Decision maker",
   "value": "Parent (mother especially for primary). Student influences in 11–12 (varies: Class)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H02",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Average monthly ticket per student",
   "value": "Est. T1 ₹2,500–4,000. T2 ₹1,200–2,000. T3 ₹600–1,200 (varies: Tier, class mix)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (from C01–C08)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H03",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Subjects per student",
   "value": "Est. 1.5–2.5 in Classes 9–12. \"All subjects\" in 1–8 (varies: Class)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H04",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Retention (month to month)",
   "value": "Est. 85–95% monthly within the academic year. 50–70% re-enrol for the next class (varies: Results, teacher stability)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H05",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Mid-year dropout",
   "value": "Est. 10–25% of students leave mid-year (moving, dissatisfaction, money) (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H06",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Fee default / delay",
   "value": "Est. 5–15% of monthly fees paid late. 2–5% never recovered (varies: T3 higher)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H07",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Pro-rata refund on exit (MoE)",
   "value": "Refund for the unused period within 10 days (varies: State law)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "H08",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Payment mode",
   "value": "Est. UPI 60–80% of fee payments in T1/T2. Cash still common in T3 (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Brief constant (UPI ~87% national retail volume); split Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H09",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Upfront quarterly/annual payment share",
   "value": "Est. 10–30% pay quarterly or annually for a discount (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H10",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Referral / word of mouth share of new admissions",
   "value": "Est. 50–70% of new students come via referral (varies: Results)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H11",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Trial class conversion",
   "value": "Est. 40–70% of demo-class attendees enrol (varies: Teacher quality)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H12",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Sibling enrolment",
   "value": "Est. 10–20% of families enrol more than one child",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H13",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Switching triggers",
   "value": "Poor marks in unit tests, teacher change, distance",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "H14",
   "cat": "H Customer behaviour",
   "name": "Parent demand for progress reports",
   "value": "Monthly tests and PTMs expected. WhatsApp groups standard (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I01",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "PhysicsWallah FY26 revenue",
   "value": "About ₹3,900 cr (+35% YoY). EBITDA ₹549 cr. Net loss ₹24 cr",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/physicswallah-slashes-fy26-losses-as-revenue-jumps-51-bets-big-on-ai-and-offline-expansion",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I02",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "PW offline expansion",
   "value": "353 centres (vs 198 a year earlier). Offline revenue ₹1,774 cr (+31%). 0.47 million offline enrolments (varies: T2/T3 entry)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/physicswallah-slashes-fy26-losses-as-revenue-jumps-51-bets-big-on-ai-and-offline-expansion",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I03",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "PW Vidyapeeth share of offline revenue",
   "value": "A little over 65% (H1 FY26)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.medianama.com/2025/12/223-q2fy26-physicswallah-ott-offline-business-revenue/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I04",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "PW online paid users",
   "value": "4.87 million (FY26)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/physicswallah-slashes-fy26-losses-as-revenue-jumps-51-bets-big-on-ai-and-offline-expansion",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I05",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Aakash (BYJU'S group) FY26",
   "value": "Revenue flat at ₹2,040 cr. Loss ₹186.5 cr. Ownership entangled in BYJU'S disputes (GLAS lenders, Qatar Holding)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Inc42; Open (https://inc42.com/buzz/aakash-trims-fy26-loss-by-16-to-%e2%82%b9186-5-cr-top-line-flat-at-%e2%82%b92040-cr/, https://openthemagazine.com/business/50-toppers-075-margin-aakash-still-cant-exorcise-the-ghost-of-byjus)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I06",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "BYJU'S collapse",
   "value": "Parent Think & Learn is in financial and legal turmoil (insolvency/arbitration)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://inc42.com/buzz/aakash-trims-fy26-loss-by-16-to-%e2%82%b9186-5-cr-top-line-flat-at-%e2%82%b92040-cr/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I07",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Kota decline",
   "value": "Over 2 lakh students per year before, about 85k–1 lakh in 2024. Allen −20–25% that season. Causes: chains opening in home states, cost, online (PW, Unacademy), suicide concerns (varies: Exam hubs)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Dinamalar (2024–25 data) (https://www.dinamalar.com/news/kalvimalar-news-en/drop-in-student-enrolment-hits-kota39s-local-economy-coaching-giants-step-up-marketing-efforts/56042)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I08",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Online tuition per-subject price",
   "value": "₹1,000/subject/month (EDUS). Vedantu about ₹2,500/month equivalent",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "EDUS; Vedantu (https://edustutor.com/in, https://vedantu.com/online-course/class-10-online-courses)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I09",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Industry size",
   "value": "Coaching industry cited as about ₹58,000 cr (2024 headline)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/raus-ias-tragedy-why-rs-58000-cr-coaching-industry-needs-strict-regulations-2",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I10",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Local competitor density",
   "value": "Est. T1 10–30 tuition centres per sq km in dense residential areas. T3 3–8 per town ward (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I11",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "School teachers giving private tuition",
   "value": "Common, though many states bar government teachers from it (e.g. RTE Act Sec 28 bans private tuition by teachers) (varies: State enforcement)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.; RTE Sec 28 is from statute knowledge (verify)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I12",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Home-tutor platforms (UrbanPro, Superprof, EZ Tuitions)",
   "value": "Rates median ₹500/hr NCR (varies: T1)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "EZ-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "I13",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "New rival centre opens nearby",
   "value": "Est. −10–25% enrolment hit in the first season (varies: Random)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "I14",
   "cat": "I Competition & market",
   "name": "Online-only price war / free YouTube content",
   "value": "Free lectures (PW YouTube origins)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "J01",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Minimum student age (MoE model)",
   "value": "16 years, or after the secondary school exam (varies: State adoption. Maharashtra draft uses 13)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024; OKC-2026 (Maharashtra draft 13)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J02",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Registration requirement",
   "value": "Mandatory registration and renewal, with building safety certificate (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J03",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Student-count threshold for the law to apply",
   "value": "MoE model 50. Rajasthan 100 (OKC) vs 50 (Drishti, bill stage). Maharashtra draft 25 (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026; Drishti IAS (conflict noted) (https://www.drishtiias.com/state-pcs-current-affairs/rajasthan-coaching-centres-control-and-regulation-bill-2025/print_manually)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J04",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Penalties (MoE)",
   "value": "₹25,000 first, ₹1 lakh second, then cancellation (varies: State)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J05",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Penalties (Rajasthan)",
   "value": "Bill: ₹2 lakh / ₹5 lakh. OKC reports the enacted Act at ₹50k / ₹2 lakh",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Drishti IAS; OKC-2026 (https://www.drishtiias.com/state-pcs-current-affairs/rajasthan-coaching-centres-control-and-regulation-bill-2025/print_manually)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J06",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Penalties (Maharashtra draft 2026)",
   "value": "₹1 lakh to ₹50 lakh depending on severity (varies: Draft)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J07",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Haryana registration fee",
   "value": "₹10,000 new, ₹5,000 renewal. Valid 3 years (varies: Haryana)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J08",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Branch-wise registration",
   "value": "Each branch must register (Rajasthan) (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.gktoday.in/rajasthan-coaching-centres-control-and-regulation-bill-2025/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J09",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Tutor qualification",
   "value": "Graduate. No conviction for moral turpitude (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J10",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Refund rule",
   "value": "Pro-rata refund within 10 days. Hostel/mess refund too (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J11",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "No fee increase mid-course. Receipts and prospectus required",
   "value": "n/a (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J12",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Advertising rules",
   "value": "No misleading claims or rank/marks guarantees. Toppers' results cannot be advertised misleadingly (varies: State; consumer protection)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J13",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "No performance-based batch segregation",
   "value": "Batches cannot be split by marks (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J14",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Timing rules",
   "value": "No classes in school hours. ≤5 hrs/day. No very early/late classes. No tests right after the weekly off (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J15",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Infrastructure",
   "value": "Fire and building safety, CCTV, drinking water, toilets, first aid, ventilation, emergency numbers displayed (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J16",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Website disclosure",
   "value": "Tutor qualifications, courses, fees, refund policy, outcomes (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J17",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "GST on coaching",
   "value": "18%. No exemption for private tuition/coaching (the exemption covers only recognised schools, pre-school to higher secondary)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "ClearTax; gconnect (https://news.cleartax.in/tax-talks-does-gst-apply-to-education-and-allied-services/9008/amp, https://www.gconnect.in/gst-news/coaching-classes-to-pay-18-gst-students-bear-brunt.html)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J18",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "GST registration threshold",
   "value": "₹20 lakh turnover (₹10 lakh special-category states: Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura) (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026; brief constant",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J19",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Maharashtra AAR on entrance coaching",
   "value": "Entrance-exam coaching not exempt (no recognised qualification)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://news.cleartax.in/tax-talks-does-gst-apply-to-education-and-allied-services/9008/amp",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J20",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Shops & Establishments registration",
   "value": "Within 90 days (Delhi), 60 days (Maharashtra) (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J21",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Fire NOC / building-use compliance",
   "value": "Required under the new frameworks. Basements can be used only for parking/storage (Delhi MPD-2021 / UBBL-2016) (varies: City)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "OKC-2026; Outlook Business (https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/basement-deaths-mcd-seals-13-illegal-coaching-centres-in-old-rajinder-nagar)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J22",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Older state coaching laws",
   "value": "Goa 2001, Karnataka 2001, UP 2002, Bihar 2010, J&K 2010, Manipur 2017 (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J23",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Udyam (MSME) registration",
   "value": "Micro: investment ≤₹2.5 cr, turnover ≤₹10 cr. Free",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J24",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Rajasthan fee instalments",
   "value": "At least 4 equal instalments (varies: Rajasthan)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J25",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Counselling/psychologist requirement",
   "value": "Mandatory in the MoE model (student suicides context) (varies: State)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "MoE-2024",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "J26",
   "cat": "J Regulation & compliance",
   "name": "Income tax",
   "value": "Presumptive taxation (44ADA-type) for professionals is not obviously applicable. Small proprietors can use 44AD (6–8% deemed profit)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (verify under the new Income-tax Act 2025 in force 1 Apr 2026, per OKC-2026)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K01",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Pamphlets / newspaper inserts",
   "value": "Est. ₹0.5–1.5 per pamphlet. ₹5–15k per campaign (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K02",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "School-gate promotion / banners",
   "value": "Est. ₹3–10k per season (varies: Tier)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K03",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Toppers' results banners",
   "value": "Results \"proof\" drives admissions. Misleading claims banned (varies: Results)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "MoE-2024 (constraint); effect Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K04",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Google Business Profile / Justdial / Sulekha listing",
   "value": "Est. ₹0–3,000/month (varies: T1/T2)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K05",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Instagram / YouTube short videos",
   "value": "Est. ₹0–10k/month (varies: Teacher personality)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.; Prabhat Khabar cites Khan Sir, Vikas Divyakirti as examples (https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/business/how-to-start-coaching-center-investment-registration-rules-safety-guide/amp)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K06",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Free demo week",
   "value": "Est. 1–2 free classes",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K07",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Referral discount",
   "value": "Est. ₹200–500 or 10% off a month",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K08",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Reputation score (hidden)",
   "value": "Function of results, teacher stability, safety",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (model)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K09",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Parent reviews / WhatsApp groups",
   "value": "Fast negative word of mouth after an incident",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "K10",
   "cat": "K Marketing & reputation",
   "name": "Scholarship test (e.g. \"talent search\")",
   "value": "Est. ₹0–200 per entry. Lead generation for exam coaching (varies: Exam variant)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (common chain practice, e.g. PW discount events)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L01",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Sealing / safety crackdown",
   "value": "MCD sealed 13 to about 20 centres in days (July 2024). Four states ordered surveys (varies: After incidents)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/basement-deaths-mcd-seals-13-illegal-coaching-centres-in-old-rajinder-nagar",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L02",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Fire / building accident",
   "value": "e.g. Surat Takshashila coaching fire 2019 (22 deaths) and the 2024 Delhi flooding (varies: Building quality)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est. (Surat event from general knowledge; Delhi from the Outlook source)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L03",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Student suicide / mental-health incident",
   "value": "Drove the MoE guidelines. Kota decline partly linked (varies: Exam variant)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Dinamalar; MoE-2024 (https://www.dinamalar.com/news/kalvimalar-news-en/drop-in-student-enrolment-hits-kota39s-local-economy-coaching-giants-step-up-marketing-efforts/56042)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L04",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Star teacher quits / opens rival",
   "value": "Est. 10–30% of batch lost",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L05",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "National chain enters the city",
   "value": "PW grew to 353 centres in a year (varies: T2)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/physicswallah-slashes-fy26-losses-as-revenue-jumps-51-bets-big-on-ai-and-offline-expansion",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L06",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Pandemic / school closure (COVID-type)",
   "value": "Forces online. Offline revenue −50–90% (Est.) (varies: Rare)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L07",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Syllabus / exam pattern change (NEP, CBSE twice-yearly boards from 2026)",
   "value": "Content rework. Possible demand shift (varies: Policy)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est. (CBSE two-board-exam policy from 2026 is from background knowledge; verify)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L08",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Fee default spike (local economic distress)",
   "value": "Est. defaults double in a bad monsoon (T3 agrarian areas) (varies: Rural)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L09",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Landlord rent hike / eviction",
   "value": "Est. 5–10% per year escalation. 11-month lease renewal risk (varies: T1)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L10",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Regulatory inspection / fine",
   "value": "₹25k–1 lakh (MoE model). Up to ₹50 lakh (Maharashtra draft) (varies: State)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "MoE-2024; OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "L11",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Poor board results year",
   "value": "Est. next-season admissions −10–30% (varies: Results)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L12",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Power cuts",
   "value": "Est. frequent in T3 summers. Inverter needed (₹10–25k) (varies: T3)",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "L13",
   "cat": "L Risks & shocks",
   "name": "Consumer complaint (refund dispute)",
   "value": "Consumer commissions often order refunds from coaching centres",
   "role": "RE",
   "source": "Est.; MoE refund rule (J10)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M01",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Mudra Shishu",
   "value": "≤₹50,000",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Brief constant",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M02",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Mudra Kishor",
   "value": "≤₹5 lakh",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Brief constant",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M03",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Mudra Tarun / Tarun Plus",
   "value": "≤₹10 lakh / ≤₹20 lakh",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Brief constant; OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M04",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Business loan interest (NBFC unsecured)",
   "value": "Est. 14–24% p.a. (varies: Credit score)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (Bajaj/Shriram market products)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M05",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Gold loan",
   "value": "Est. 9–12% p.a.",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "IIFL (gold-loan blog) (https://www.iifl.com/blogs/gold-loan/how-to-start-tuition-centre-business-in-india-step-by-step-guide)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M06",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "PMEGP",
   "value": "Service units up to ₹20 lakh project cost (rules allow up to ₹20 lakh services). 15–35% subsidy (varies: Rural/urban, category)",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (PMEGP norms from background knowledge; verify)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M07",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Upfront fees as financing",
   "value": "Est. a quarterly/annual discount of 5–15% brings in cash early",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M08",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Udyam registration for priority-sector lending",
   "value": "Free. Micro limit ≤₹2.5 cr investment",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "M09",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "CGTMSE collateral-free guarantee",
   "value": "Est. up to ₹5 crore for MSEs",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "Est. (background knowledge)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "M10",
   "cat": "M Financing",
   "name": "Franchise financing (chains such as Aakash franchise)",
   "value": "Aakash franchise revenue ₹84.4 cr FY26",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "https://inc42.com/buzz/aakash-trims-fy26-loss-by-16-to-%e2%82%b9186-5-cr-top-line-flat-at-%e2%82%b92040-cr/",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N01",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Home tuition (tutor's home, or 1:1 at the student's home)",
   "value": "Setup Under ₹20,000 to ₹50,000; capacity 15–40 students in 3–5 batches, or 1:1 at ₹300–600/hr; fee ₹500–2,000/month per student",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "IIFL; OKC-2026; EZ-2026 (https://www.iifl.com/blogs/gold-loan/how-to-start-tuition-centre-business-in-india-step-by-step-guide)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N02",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Single-room rented tuition centre",
   "value": "Setup ₹50,000–2,00,000; capacity 40–100 students; fee ₹800–2,500/month",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N03",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Small multi-room centre (2–3 rooms, smaller city)",
   "value": "Setup ₹1.5–5 lakh; capacity 80–200 students; fee ₹1,000–3,000/month",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N04",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Multi-batch institute / franchise / exam-coaching centre",
   "value": "Setup ₹6–25 lakh; capacity 200–600+ students; fee ₹2,000–8,000/month or annual packages of ₹40k–1.5 lakh for JEE/NEET",
   "role": "PD",
   "source": "OKC-2026; PW fee anchors (C13)",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N05",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Example monthly fixed costs",
   "value": "₹80,000 (rent ₹25k + teacher ₹40k + running ₹15k)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N06",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Break-even students",
   "value": "About 54 at ₹1,500/month. About 32 at ₹2,500/month",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "OKC-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N07",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Small centre revenue example",
   "value": "10–15 students, ₹15k–45k/month",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "https://www.shriramfinance.in/articles/business-loan/2026/business-ideas-under-five-lakh-in-india",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N08",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Revenue per teaching hour (batch of 25 at ₹1,500, 13 hrs/month)",
   "value": "≈ ₹2,900/hr",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (arithmetic)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N09",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Revenue per teaching hour (1:1 home tuition)",
   "value": "₹350–600/hr asking (NCR)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "EZ-2026",
   "estimate": false
  },
  {
   "id": "N10",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Student acquisition cost",
   "value": "Est. ₹300–1,500 per new student (pamphlets, demos, referral discounts)",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N11",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Student lifetime value",
   "value": "Est. 8–10 months × average fee × re-enrolment factor of about 1.6",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est.",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N12",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Payback period, small centre",
   "value": "Est. 6–18 months",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Est. (₹1.5–5 lakh capex / ₹25–40k monthly net)",
   "estimate": true
  },
  {
   "id": "N13",
   "cat": "N Unit economics",
   "name": "Large chain margin benchmark",
   "value": "Aakash: operating surplus \"barely\" (0.75% margin headline). PW EBITDA margin 14.1%",
   "role": "HV",
   "source": "Open; Outlook Business (https://openthemagazine.com/business/50-toppers-075-margin-aakash-still-cant-exorcise-the-ghost-of-byjus, https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/physicswallah-slashes-fy26-losses-as-revenue-jumps-51-bets-big-on-ai-and-offline-expansion)",
   "estimate": false
  }
 ],
 "note": "Researched estimates as of late 2026 from public sources; rows with estimate=true have no direct source. For learning, not financial advice."
}